Main Components of Automatic Swing Door Operator

The automatic swing door operator like TSW200 is a core driving and control device that governs the automatic opening/closing, precise operation, and safety protection of swing doors. It is widely used in office buildings, shopping malls, hospitals, and other venues. Its core components are categorized by function into power output components, transmission and control components, safety detection components, and emergency protection components, with detailed descriptions as follows.

I. Power Output Components

▪ Drive Motor. As the power core of the operator, the mainstream option is a DC brushless motor, while micro AC motors can be selected for light-duty door panels. It boasts advantages such as low noise, high torque, low energy consumption, and a long service life. Its output power can be flexibly adjusted according to the weight of the door panel and the required opening speed. It supports forward and reverse rotation control to directly drive the door panel to complete opening and closing actions. DC brushless motors are suitable for medium-to-heavy door panels weighing 80–300 kg, while micro AC motors are applicable for light-duty door panels (e.g., office partition doors) weighing 30–80 kg.

▪ Gearbox. Used in conjunction with the drive motor, it is equipped with a built-in worm gear or planetary gear reduction structure. It converts the high-speed rotational power of the motor into low-speed, high-torque output to meet the speed requirements for the smooth opening and closing of the door panel. Meanwhile, it has a self-locking function to prevent the door panel from being opened or closed by external forces (such as strong winds), ensuring accurate door positioning.

II. Transmission and Control Components

1.Transmission Mechanism. The transmission mechanisms of automatic swing door operators are divided into two mainstream types, adapted to different installation methods.

▪ Arm-type transmission assembly. It includes a drive arm, connecting rod, and rotating shaft, serving as the core transmission component of externally mounted operators. The motor power drives the drive arm to swing via the rotating shaft, which in turn pushes and pulls the door panel to achieve opening and closing. It features easy installation and is suitable for the renovation of most existing door panels.

▪ Built-in rack-and-pinion transmission assembly. Integrated into the chassis at the top of the door panel, it realizes transmission through gear-rack meshing. It operates more smoothly with lower noise and has a concealed appearance, making it ideal for integrated door panels in new construction projects.

2. Control Unit (Main Control Board). Equivalent to the "central brain" of the operator, it integrates a microprocessor, signal input/output interfaces, and program storage module. The core functions are as below .

▪ Receive signals from various sensors and external control commands (such as instructions from access control and building automation systems).

▪ Preset door operation parameters, including opening speed, closing speed, and door opening dwell time.

▪ Implement fault self-detection and alarm, such as automatic identification of motor overload, sensor abnormalities, and other faults.

▪ Support switching between multiple working modes, such as the normally open mode (suitable for peak passenger flow periods), normally closed mode (suitable for nighttime or low passenger flow periods), and one-way passage mode.

3. Limit Switch. Divided into mechanical limit and electronic limit types, it is used to precisely control the limit positions of door opening and closing.

▪ Mechanical limit: It forcibly cuts off the motor power through contact between the limit stop and the travel switch to prevent over-travel operation of the door panel.

▪ Electronic limit: It adopts a Hall sensor or photoelectric sensor to detect the position signal of the door panel operation and feed it back to the control unit, achieving more accurate soft start and stop and reducing mechanical impact.

III. Safety Detection Components

Safety detection components are the key to ensuring the safety of personnel passage, directly determining the safety protection level of the operator.

1. Trigger Sensor/Detective Sensor. Used to detect people or objects in front of the door panel and trigger the automatic opening of the door, common types include 3 types as below.

▪ Microwave radar sensor. It has a wide detection range, is not affected by light, and can penetrate glass door panels, making it suitable for outdoor or places with complex lighting conditions.

▪ Infrared through-beam sensor. It features high detection accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, ideal for indoor areas with dense passenger flow.

▪ Touch sensor. Installed on the surface of the door panel, it triggers door opening through human touch, suitable for barrier-free access or scenarios for special groups.

2. Anti-pinch Safety Sensor. Its core function is to prevent people from being pinched or objects from being damaged when the door is closing, mainly including 2 types as below.

▪ Infrared anti-pinch strip. Installed on the edge of the door panel, it has built-in multiple sets of infrared transmitting and receiving tubes. When an obstacle is detected during the door closing process, it immediately feeds a signal back to the control unit, which instructs the motor to reverse and open the door;

▪ Anti-obstruction rebound sensor. Integrated into the drive motor or drive arm, it detects changes in operating resistance. When the resistance exceeds the preset threshold (e.g., the door is jammed by foreign objects), it automatically triggers reverse protection.

3. Safety Light Curtain Sensor. Adopting an infrared through-beam light curtain, it is installed on both sides of the door opening to form an invisible safety protection line. During the door closing process, if the light curtain is blocked, the door immediately stops closing and opens in the reverse direction, covering the entire height of the door opening for higher safety.

IV. Auxiliary Components

▪ Power Adapter. Converts the mains AC220V into the safe DC24V required by the operator, ensuring stable power supply for the control unit and motor.

▪ Mounting Bracket. Used to fix the operator main unit, drive arm, and sensors. Made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, it has anti-rust and high load-bearing properties, suitable for door panels and door frames of different specifications.